Tamil meaning :wild jasmine, kāṭṭumallikai (= Jasminum angustifolium)
Tulu :edroḷi
Tulu meaning :the creeper J. angustifolium
Notes :A Tamil-Tulu isogloss displaying typical "botanic correspondences" (i. e. strange dialectal irregularities). Tulu e- obviously has to do with -i- in the second syllable, but the very development *-i- > -0- in a three (if not four)-syllable-long word is quite exceptional.
Kannada meaning :the state of being fit, agreeableness, beauty
Kannada derivates :aḍavu suitableness, properness, proper way, the state of being sufficient; aṭṭu fitting, being becoming or proper; ? (Hav.) eḍi to be able to do
Notes :The origin of forms like Tam. aṭai-vu is unclear (a different verbal stem *aḍai-, not preserved by itself?). Tamil aṇṭu hardly belongs here; no other Dravidian language has a nasal in this root, so it may have been a secondary contamination with *aṇai- "to approach, come near".
Number in DED :0078
Proto-South Dravidian :*adu-
Meaning :to be perplexed
Kannada :aduhu
Kannada meaning :to be perplexed, suffer doubt, become suspicious
Notes :The only known outside parallels are found in Kui-Kuwi (PKK *ada-).
Tamil meaning :to pound (as rice), kill, destroy, conquer
Tamil derivates :āṭu killing, ruining, victory; aṭi (-pp-, -tt-) to beat, strike, dash against, strike, defeat, overcome, slay, punish; n. blow, stroke; aṭar (-v-, -nt-) to beat, strike, mould by beating; (-pp-, -tt-) to attack, kill, destroy; n. troubling, oppressing; thin flat plate of metal, esp. gold; aṭal killing, murdering; aṭalai battle, trouble, distress; (PR) aṭarppu attack
Malayalam :aṭi
Malayalam meaning :blow, stroke
Malayalam derivates :aṭikka to beat, strike; aṭippu printing, stamping, coining; aṭiccal beating; aṭal a fight; aṭalār enemies; aṭar war; aṭanta a mode of beating time in music
Kannada :aḍacu
Kannada meaning :to rap, cuff
Kannada derivates :aḍar to pounce upon, rush at (as dogs, etc., do); aḍaru an attack; aḍi beating, a blow; aḍe to strike or throw with finger; aṇe to strike, push, drive; to strike or propel with the fingers
Kodagu :aḍi- (aḍip-, aḍic-)
Kodagu meaning :(lightning) strikes (song word)
Tulu :aḍikai
Tulu meaning :defeated, vanquished
Tulu derivates :aṇepuni to push, strike against; darpuni to thrash, beat, strike, break; dartele, darpele a striker, breaker; dartelụ breakage, what is broken
Tamil meaning :to be next, near, approach, come in contact with, seek protection; to join (tr.), join together; to happen, occur
Tamil derivates :aṭai (-v-, -nt-) to reach, arrive at, take refuge in, go to roost, sit on eggs as a hen, obtain, get, enjoy; (-pp-, -tt-) to lease, entrust, bestow; n. joining, delivering, conveying, resort, refuge, deposit, incubation; aṭaippu lease; aṭaivu pledge, help, aid, refuge, perching place for birds; aṭaikkalam refuge, shelter, deposit; aṭaku, aṭaimān_am pledge, property mortgaged; aṭaiyal reaching; aṭaiccu (aṭaicci-) to put, place, insert (as flowers in the hair); aṭaicu (aṭaici-) to be joined, placed; aṭṭu (aṭṭi-) to put, place, put on
Malayalam :aṭuka (aṭṭu)
Malayalam meaning :to come into contact, come to be close upon
Malayalam derivates :aṭukka to come nigh, approach, close; aṭuppikka to bring near; aṭuppam, aṭuppu nearness; aṭakkaḷam shelter; aṭayuka to get into, come into possession, obtain; aṭekka to take in, receive, collect, pay in; aṭakkam possession, enjoyment; aṭa incubation; bail, pledge; shelter, refuge; aṭavu money that has come to hand; aṭamānam a pawn, mortgage
Kannada :aḍar
Kannada meaning :to be united or joined with, arise, come, appear
Kannada derivates :aḍarcu to bring together, set in readiness, prepare; aḍasu to join, be joined with, unite with, be near to, associate oneself to; aḍe to obtain, get; n. trust; aḍavu, aḍapu pawn, pledge, deposit, mortgage; aṭṭu to be within reach, keep close to, follow, run after, pursue; to put; n. closeness, pursuing, putting, placing
Kodagu :aḍɨ- (aḍɨp-, aḍɨt-)
Kodagu meaning :to approach
Tulu :aḍavu, aḍāvu
Tulu meaning :mortgage, pledge
Tulu derivates :aḍepuni, aḍevuni to roost, perch; aṭṭuni to put
Tamil meaning :to grind, rub in the hand, press softly as fruit, cram in the mouth as betel, subdue, subject, control
Tamil derivates :atavu to kill, attack; atuŋku (atuŋki-) to be forced out or in by pressure, be stuffed in, compressed; atukku (atukki-) to press with fingers (as a ripe fruit or boil), squeeze, pinch (as the stomach in grief), bite (as one's lips), chew, stuff into the mouth; n. state of being pressed in (as of parts of a vessel); atukkam reduced condition (as of a boil)
Malayalam :atakkuka
Malayalam meaning :to cram down, turn betel in the mouth
Kannada meaning :to press, compress, squeeze, cram; to be depressed, bruised (as a metal vessel)
Kannada derivates :adakisu, adugisu, adumisu to cause to press, etc.; adaku a bruise in a metal vessel; adugu to be mollified by being pressed with the fingers; adugisu to mollify by pressing
Notes :The presence of an inlaut *-m- in this root is well confirmed by external data. We have, therefore, to regard Kannaḍa forms like adamu, adimu, adumu as the most archaic, despite the confusing mixture of dialectal forms. In Tamil a form like *atumu would be impossible since -umu can only be found after resonants (cf. ur_umu, kuẓumu etc.); it is possible that Kan. adumu = Tam. atavu, with secondary loss of nasalisation in Tamil (although the 2nd syllable vowel is still irregular). However, the original *atum- may have yielded atuŋ- when combined with the intransitive suffix: *atum- + *-ŋ- > atuŋku, and atukk- when combined with the corresponding transitive suffix. The form atakku is then either dialectal or due to contamination with aṭakku 'control, repress, conceal' (cf. the spectrum of meanings).
Tamil meaning :inside, house, place, agricultural tract, breast, mind
Tamil derivates :akattān_ one who is in, householder; ōr-akatti, ōr-akattāḷ husband's brother's wife [i. e. she who is in one and the same house with oneself]; akakkāẓ, akaŋkāẓ heart of a tree; akaŋkai, aŋkai palm of the hand; aka-ppaṭu to be included, be obtained; akaṭu interior, belly, middle, impartiality; akaṇi inside, interior, agricultural tract; akappu depth; akampu inside; akal inner part of town or village; akavai inside, age within a certain limit; a locative ending; akalam breast; ākam body, breast, mind, heart
Malayalam :akam
Malayalam meaning :inside, abode, house, room
Malayalam derivates :akattu within, in the house; akattān master of the house; akattāḷ mistress of the house; akattōn indoor servant; fem. akattōḷ; akaŋkai palm of hand; akaŋkāl sole of foot; akā, akāyi inside of house, room; akaṭu, akiṭu udder; aka-ppeṭuka, āppeṭuka to get into, be caught, befall; aka-ppeṭukka to catch
Kannada :aŋ-gāl
Kannada meaning :sole of the foot
Kannada derivates :ōragitti, vāragitti husband's brother's wife; aŋ-gey palm of the hand; āge, āga in, into
Tamil meaning :to utter a sound as a peacock, sing, dance as a peacock, call, summon
Tamil derivates :akavar bards who arouse the king in the morning; akaval calling, addressing, screech of a peacock, high tone, n. of a metre; akavalan_ bard of the Pāṇar caste; akavunar dancers, singers
Malayalam :akaval
Malayalam meaning :screech of a peacock, name of a metre in Tamil
Malayalam derivates :akar_uka, akir_uka to roar, bellow, children to cry; akar_al, akir_al, akir_cca roaring, bellowing
Notes :The auslaut -al - on SDR grounds at least - forms part of the root (Tamil ālam < dial. *agalam; Toda ox in ox ɨn-, etc. may be a contraction from earlier *oxl- < *agal-).